Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the raw materials commonly used in sanitary pads.

## Core Absorbent Material

The core of a sanitary pad is designed to absorb and retain menstrual fluid. The primary materials used in this layer include:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with other materials to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: A synthetic material that can absorb many times its weight in liquid. SAP is highly effective in locking away moisture, preventing leakage.

## Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene, nonwoven fabrics are soft, breathable, and allow for rapid absorption.
– **Perforated Film**: A thin, flexible film with tiny holes that facilitate quick liquid transfer while maintaining a dry surface.

## Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer that prevents leakage and provides a barrier to moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: A waterproof, flexible material that ensures no leakage occurs. It is also lightweight and durable.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Allows for air circulation, reducing the risk of skin irritation and discomfort.

## Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad in place. The materials must be skin-friendly and provide a strong hold without causing irritation. Common adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces upon application of light pressure and are easy to remove.

## Additional Components

Other materials may be included to enhance the functionality and comfort of sanitary pads:

– **Fragrance**: Added to some pads to provide a pleasant scent, though it may cause irritation for sensitive skin.
– **Wings**: Extra flaps that fold over the sides of underwear to provide additional security and prevent shifting.

## Properties of Raw Materials

The raw materials used in sanitary pads must possess specific properties to ensure they perform effectively:

– **Absorbency**: The ability to quickly absorb and retain liquid is crucial for preventing leaks.
– **Softness**: Materials must be gentle on the skin to prevent irritation and discomfort.
– **Breathability**: Allows air to circulate, reducing the risk of skin irritation and maintaining comfort.
– **Durability**: Materials must withstand the stresses of daily use without breaking down.
– **Biodegradability**: Increasingly important for environmental reasons, some materials are designed to break down more easily after disposal.

Understanding the composition and properties of the raw materials used in sanitary pads helps in making informed choices about the products we use. It also highlights the importance of innovation in developing materials that are both effective and environmentally friendly.