Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Understanding the materials used in sanitary pad production helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers improve product quality.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene: Soft, breathable, and quick-drying
– Perforated plastic film: Provides a dry surface feel
– Cotton-like materials: For premium products offering extra softness

Key properties: High permeability, hypoallergenic, and comfortable against sensitive skin

### 2. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical component, usually consisting of:

– Fluff pulp: Natural wood pulp that provides bulk absorption
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Polyacrylate compounds that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
– Combination materials: Some manufacturers blend pulp with SAP for optimal performance

Absorption capacity typically ranges from 10-50 times the product’s weight depending on quality

### 3. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The back sheet prevents leakage and is usually made from:

– Polyethylene film: Waterproof and flexible
– Breathable microporous films: Allow vapor transmission while blocking liquid
– Biodegradable materials: Emerging options for eco-friendly products

Properties include liquid impermeability, flexibility, and in some cases, biodegradability

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive: For pad attachment to underwear
– Release paper: Protects the adhesive before use
– Wing adhesives: For securing wings in winged designs

## Additional Features and Materials

### Fragrance and Deodorizers

Some pads incorporate:

– Natural plant extracts
– Activated charcoal
– Baking soda compounds

These help neutralize odors but may cause irritation for sensitive skin

### Packaging Materials

– Individual wrappers: Usually polyethylene or biodegradable films
– Outer packaging: Cardboard or plastic boxes

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

### Absorption Characteristics

– Absorption rate: How quickly fluid is drawn away from the surface
– Retention capacity: Ability to hold fluid under pressure
– Rewet value: Measurement of surface dryness after absorption

### Comfort Factors

– Flexibility: Ability to conform to body shape
– Breathability: Air and moisture vapor transmission
– Softness: Surface texture and fiber fineness

### Safety Considerations

– pH balance: Should be skin-neutral (around 5.5)
– Hypoallergenic: Free from common irritants
– Non-toxic: Absence of harmful chemicals like dioxins

## Emerging Material Trends

The sanitary pad industry is evolving with new material innovations:

– Biodegradable top sheets from bamboo or corn fibers
– Organic cotton cores for chemical-free options
– Plant-based superabsorbents as SAP alternatives
– Compostable back sheets from starch-based polymers

These developments aim to reduce environmental impact while maintaining performance standards.

## Conclusion

Understanding sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers select products that match their needs for comfort, protection, and safety. As material science advances, we can expect continued improvements in both performance and sustainability of these essential hygiene products.