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Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials that go into their production is crucial for both manufacturers and consumers. This article explores the composition and properties of sanitary pad raw materials, shedding light on their roles in ensuring comfort, absorption, and safety.

Core Absorbent Layer Materials

The heart of any sanitary pad is its absorbent core, which typically consists of:

• Fluff Pulp: A wood-based material that provides excellent liquid absorption and retention properties
• Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP): Synthetic materials that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
• Bleached Cotton: Sometimes used as a natural alternative to fluff pulp

The ratio of these materials varies depending on the pad’s intended absorbency level. Premium products often contain higher percentages of SAP for better performance during heavy flow days.

Top Sheet Materials

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. Common materials include:

• Nonwoven Polypropylene: A soft, breathable synthetic fabric that allows quick liquid passage
• Perforated Film: Used in some products to create a dry-feel surface
• Natural Fiber Blends: Some brands incorporate bamboo or organic cotton for eco-friendly options

Top sheet materials must balance comfort with functionality, providing a soft feel while allowing rapid liquid transfer to the absorbent core.

Back Sheet Materials

The back sheet prevents leakage and protects clothing. Common options include:

• Polyethylene Film: A waterproof plastic layer that provides reliable protection
• Breathable Microporous Films: Allow air circulation while maintaining liquid barrier properties
• Biodegradable Films: Emerging options made from plant-based materials

Recent innovations in back sheet technology focus on improving breathability while maintaining leak protection.

Adhesive Components

Sanitary pads use several types of adhesives:

• Pressure-sensitive Adhesives: For securing the pad to underwear
• Hot Melt Adhesives: Used in manufacturing to bond different layers together
• Release Paper Coatings: Silicone-treated paper that protects the adhesive before use

Adhesive formulations must be strong enough to keep the pad in place but gentle enough to not damage fabrics.

Additional Components

Modern sanitary pads may include several other specialized materials:

• Odor Control Agents: Such as activated charcoal or baking soda
• Wing Materials: Often made from nonwoven fabrics with elastic components
• Printing Inks: For brand markings and usage indicators
• Wrapping Materials: Individual wrappers made from paper or plastic

Material Properties and Performance

The effectiveness of a sanitary pad depends on how its materials perform in key areas: